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Objective To understand the sanitary quality of the blood dialysate in hospitals in Hu'nan and its influential factors. Methods Pyrogen,total count of bacteria,22 physical and chemical indexes including calcium,chloride,fluoride,zinc,sodium and other indexes in the blood dialysate samples collected from blood dialysis rooms in 99 hospitals distributed among 14 cities and states in Hu'nan were measured according to the Sanitary Standards of Drinking Water and the Sanitary Standards for Disinfection Technology. The data of analysis were evaluated based on the standards for the blood dialysate ruled by ASAIO and AAMI. The questionnaire on the status operation and maintenance of the water purification system for blood dialysate was performed simultaneously. Results The sanitary quality of the blood dialysate samples from 31 hospitals were completely accorded with the related standards with a qualified rate of 32%. The qualified rates were 44.4%,71.7%,90.9%,97.0%,99.0%,99.0%,99.0% for pyrogen,total count of bacteria,calcium,chloride,fluoride,zinc,sodium in the blood dialysate samples respectively. The blood dialysate from the water treatment system established and put into production during 2000-2003 showed higher qualified rate(45.1%)compared with that during 1995-1999(16.7%),?2=9.293,P
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Objective To explore the removal effects of formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood by a formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Methods (1)experiment on removal of formaldehyde in indoor air: 2 newly decorated office rooms were selected, the indoor air was treated by formaldehyde-cleaning agent in one test room, and the other was used as control. After treatment, the concentrations of formaldehyde in two office rooms were measured and compared between them. (2)experiment on the removal effects of formaldehyde in plywood. The plywood samples were selected and divided into two groups, one was treated by formaldehyde- cleaning agent as test group, the other as the control. The emisson of formaldehyde from plywood was measured and compared between two groups. Results The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde in indoor air were 82.94%, 91.43%, 95.69%, at the 24th, 48th, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The formaldehyde concentration in indoor air of test room met the requirement of the national standard after 72h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde emitted from plywood were 84.71%, 90.55%, 90.96% at the 24th, 48h, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The emission amount of formaldehyde from plywood met the requirement of the national standard after 24h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Conclusion Formaldehyde-clearning agent presented significant removal effects on formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood.
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Objective To explore the water quality of the product water from the centralized water supply system in Hunan, 2006. Methods The sanitary quality of the product water samples collected from 28 centralized water supply system in cities and 39 centralized water supply system in counties in Hunan, 2006, which distributed among the area of Xiangjiang River, Zishui River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River, were determined and evaluated according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749—2006). Results The eligible rate of the water sample was 70.1%. Among 74 water quality indexes, 12 indexes (such as antimony,aluminum,pH value,manganese and so on) exceeded the standard limits in degrees in some centralized water supply systems. Most of the routine indices of water quality were unqualified and the reference indices were qualified. The quality of some water samples presented statistical difference in some indices (such as aluminum, sulphate, arsenic, et al) among 4 different river areas in Hunan province (P
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Objective To know the status of disinfection conducted in the hospitals at province level in Hunan province aimed to make the intervention strategy for prevention and control of diseases transmission. Methods The related items of hospitals at province level were examined and evaluated according to the national standards such as GB15982-1995 Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospital, GB15981-1995 Evaluating Method and Standard for the Efficacy of Disinfection and Sterilization, GB8987-1996 Requirements for Hospital Sewage Discharge, GB18466-2001 Requirements for Medical Organization Sewage Discharge, GB15980-1995 Hygienic Standard of Disinfection for Single Use Medical Products and Technical Standard for Disinfection (2002). Results As for the disinfection effect in the present investigation, the total qualified rate was 90.10%, the annual qualified rate was increasing. Conclusion The surveillance of hospital disinfection is a long-term task, to supervise and improve the hospital disinfection is necessary to ensure patient and society safety.
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Objectives To analyse the economic and social benefit of improvement of latrines in countryside of Hunan province,China.Methods 6 counties were selected as observational points based on the character of geographical position and the types of non-hazard treatment of feces.The lab tests,questionnaire investigation,retrospective survey and mathematical models were used and the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases and infectious rate of parasite were analyzed.Results All the three types of non-hazard treatment facilities fulfiled the requirement of The Hygeian Standard of the Fecal Decontamination.Compared with the villages without improvement of latrine,the infectious rates of parasite was lower by 61.32%,the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases by 45.25%,and the incidence rates of infectious diarrhea by 42.62% in villages where the latrines improved.The improvement of latrine will save 28 379.1 yuan for one year and 2.45 yuan for one person in preventing intestinal infectious diseases and infectious diarrhea.Conclusion Three types of non-hazardous treatment of feces have obvious effectiveness on disease prevention,which will produce distinct economic and social benefit.